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I confess: My finances aren't the result of keen study, long
practice or a natural knack for numbers. I don't have these
strengths. What I've got is a lot of weaknesses. That's what
most shapes my finances. For example:
I'm color-blind. Financially, that's a very good thing. Ever
fearful of buying clothes that don't match, I just don't buy
clothes. Except when I have to. And then I buy bullet-proof
apparel that lasts for years — in flashy colors like black
and white and khaki. (And certain shades of what the clerk calls
blue.) When my wardrobe strays from the straight and narrow,
people call me "color bucket." So my inability to comprehend
the color wheel saves me hundreds of dollars a year —
and cuts down on the name-calling.
My lack of a measurable attention span is another thrifty
handicap. It hasn't increased since the sixth grade. I can't sit
still in a movie theater for 7,200 seconds, so there's no point in
paying seven bucks just to have other theater patrons yell at
me to quit pacing and watch the movie like a normal person.
Annual savings: another $100 or so.
And I have no patience for bookkeeping. I know how to
work a basic spreadsheet and check register, and I even figured
out how to run Quicken software ... kind of. But I
absolutely hate that kind of work. If I enjoyed it, I
might attempt complicated stunts like consumer debt, check
floating and tax dodges. I figure my impatience and ineptitude
in accounting keeps me out of all sorts of trouble. And it forces
me to make money matters as simple as possible.
This last weakness is pretty common. If you're like most
people, the term money management either puts
you to sleep or makes you sweat. It conjures up visions of bills
and receipts, taxes and forms, ledgers and spreadsheets and
columns of numbers that never add up the same way twice. But
it doesn't have to be that way. Money management can be easy
and, dare I say, kind of fun. I'll show you.
Money Management the Easy Way
Basically, there are just four things you can do with money:
get it, give it, save it and spend it. So it figures that the
simplest way to manage your money is to track it in four
accounts, one for each activity. (At this point, you might want
to grab a pad of paper and a pen.)
Get
Obviously, to give, save or spend money, first you've got to
get some. That's what paychecks and parents are for. The first
step in managing your money is to track whatever you get,
wherever you get it. That's what a checking account is for. Start
by depositing every dollar of income into your checking
account. Don't get fancy and try making deposits directly into
your savings account. And if you get paid in cash, put it in your
checking account, not your wallet. Your checkbook register is
your record for all the money you get. Your
checking account acts as a holding tank, keeping your money
out of trouble till you're ready to do something else with it.
Something fun, like ...
Give
The coolest thing you can do with money is give it away.
(I'll save the details on this activity for a future column.) For
now, let's just look at the accounting. If you give a percentage
of your income each month, then some of the
money stowed in your checking account is destined for a higher
purpose. It deserves its own account. A GIVE account. Don't
worry, you don't need to open another bank account. This one's
a virtual account: The money in your GIVE account
is stored in the holding tank called your checking account. But
to keep track of it, you will need a separate
register. A GIVE register.
You can use a spreadsheet or a columnar pad, or just draw
four columns on a sheet of notebook paper to make a register.
Label the columns DATE, TRANSACTION, AMOUNT and
BALANCE. Whenever you deposit income in your checking
account, make another "deposit" in your GIVE
account and record it in the register. Let's say you get a
paycheck for $200 and you've made a commitment to give 10%
of your income. Record the full amount in your checkbook
register, then record a deposit of $20 in your GIVE register.
When it's time to pay bills, write your giving check, record it in
your checkbook register, and record the amount
as a withdrawal in your GIVE register.
This little accounting trick does some cool things: You
always know exactly how much to give — and how much
you can give — without doing a lot of math
when it's time to write the check. You'll be less likely to
accidentally spend money from your checking account that's
been set aside for giving (you'll see why in a moment). And if
your income fluctuates from month to month, but your giving
commitments are figured in dollars instead of percentages, any
money left in the giving account can accumulate, then be used
to cover special gifts.
Save
If your investing is limited to what you put in a bank
savings account, this part is very easy. After making an income
deposit to your checking account, make a transfer to your
savings account. Your checkbook register shows what you've
made, and your savings account statement shows
what you've saved. For best results, come up with
a percentage for your savings commitment, just like a tithe.
Transfer that percentage from checking to savings with every
income deposit.
If you've got a portfolio — money
invested in certificates of deposit (CDs), stocks, mutual funds,
pork bellies, whatever — then make yourself a single,
virtual SAVE account by creating another register, just like the
one for your giving. Record every investment, interest payment
and dividend as a deposit, and every loss and expense as a
withdrawal. Your current balance on the SAVE register shows
you how much you really have saved up for that grad school,
business startup or condo on Maui.
Spend
If you track your giving and saving in separate accounts
like I've described above, any money that's left goes into your
SPEND account. It's another virtual account: The money is
stowed in your checking account, but the real
amount of available spending dollars is recorded in your SPEND
register.
Here's how to manage this busy account: When you make
an income deposit to your checking account, record your giving
and saving "deposits" on those registers. Then, whatever's left
gets recorded as a deposit in your SPEND register. Every time
you write a check, pay a bill, or get cash from the ATM, record
the transaction as a withdrawal in your checkbook register
and your SPEND register.
Wait a minute. That seems like a lot of work. Why write
down everything twice? Because it solves a big problem: Most
people count on their checking account balance to tell them
how much money they have to spend. They stop spending when
the account is empty. But the checking account balance doesn't
tell you what you need to know. It includes money that's meant
for giving, and possibly for savings. You need to know what
you can spend, not what you have.
Your SPEND register shows you the proper figure.
This extra step serves another purpose: By writing down
everything you spend, you become more aware of your
spending habits. With some quick addition, you can figure out
exactly how much you really spend on food or
clothes or entertainment, or any other drain on your funds.
Without that knowledge, you can't make a decent budget or
determine how fast you're spending your cash. Your SPEND
register is your financial speedometer.
One more thing about your SPEND account. It doesn't have
to be a single account. If you have lots of expenses and live on
a very tight income, you may want to create multiple accounts,
each with its own register: Housing, Transportation, Food, Fun,
Taxes (sorry), etc. This will help you set aside the right amount
of money for each type of expense.
Getting Started
There's at least one flaw in this money-management
system: It takes more effort to explain it than it takes to use it.
So enough explaining. If you'd like to take control of your
finances, give more of your money, save for your dreams and
still have something left over to buy colorful clothes, then give
it a try. It's four simple steps:
- GET: Deposit all income into your checking
account.
- GIVE: Deposit a portion of every dollar into this virtual
account, record deposits and withdrawals in its register.
- SAVE: Transfer a portion of every dollar into a savings
account; if you have more than one investment, record all
transactions in a single register.
- SPEND: Subtract your giving and saving deposits from
every income deposit, then record what's left in your register;
record every expense as a withdrawal ... and don't spend more
than you have in this account.
As simple as this system is, it's still missing something: a
budget. How do you know how much to set aside
for giving and saving? What happens when your income isn't
enough to cover your commitments? How do you survive on an
income that fluctuates radically from month to month? All good
questions. A simple, workable budget will give you the
answers.
Until then, continue to track your money. Record
everything you get, give, save and spend. You'll need that
information to put together your budget, which we'll cover ever
so simply, in plain old black and white. Like my wardrobe.
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